Locution of Javanese Verbal Abuse
Locution of Javanese verbal abuse means the actual meaning of the verbal abuse. Austin in Cummings (2007:9) says that locution act is the meaning of utterance in its traditional meaning. On the other words, the words used in locution act have same meaning with the words lexical meaning.
Javanese verbal abuse is known as a language which has many varieties from dialect until social language variety. Javanese language spread into large place almost the entire java island. The conditions leads Javanese language has several specifies among the variety. It is also influenced the development of verbal abuse in Javanese. Every Javanese language varieties have their own verbal abuse.
One of the most special regions developed as the center of Javanese language is Yogyakarta. Feudalism and hierarchy culture are still to be social characteristics of Yogyakarta society. The feudalism and hierarchy influenced the development of verbal abuse. The verbal abuse mostly appears from the lowest language in Javanese language. Verbal abuse called as bahasa pasar or language of low class society. The words are unique and put from unusual vocabulary. The writer had made a simple interview with some Jogjanese students of Ahmad Dahlan University. From the interview the writer found several vocabularies and the category which usually uttered as verbal abuse.
a. Theme and Vocabulary of Javanese Verbal Abuse
Theme | Javanese verbal abuse | Meaning | In sentence |
Animal | Asu Celeng Wedus, ect. | Dog Pig goat | Koe koyo asu! |
Sexuality | Lonte Alat vital | Bitch Sexual organ | O, lonte lanang! |
Ghost | Gendruo Kuntilanak Tuyul, etc. | Giant ghost Women ghost Small ghost | Rupomu koyo gendruo! |
Taste | Pait Asem Pedes Panas, etc. | Bitter Sour Hot hot | Asem tenan ki! |
Specific body | Ndasmu Dengkulmu Cangkemu Matamu, etc. | Your head Your knees Your mouth Your ayes | Cangkemu menengo! |
Illocution of Javanese verbal abuse means force or intention someone utter Javanese verbal abuse. This is the continuance of locution act where the locution is specified into some conventional utterance such imperative, confirmative, and soon (Cummings, 2007:9). In Javanese verbal abuse illocution is usually about intimate or anger expression.
Bona Murphy (2004:93), in his study about relationship between taboo words (Fuck) with genre and age, finds facts that verbal abuse is often used by young male. Javanese verbal abuse in daily life is also used mostly by young man. The young man uses verbal abuse to show that between him and someone he gives verbal abuse there is not any limitation or wall.
b. E.g. Akbar: Sasha sexi tenan yo Dik?
Sidik: Ha.ha, bener utekmu kui Bar!
In the conversation, the word asu (dog) does not mean negative. They use the verbal abuse to express that they are really friend.
Moreover, verbal abuse also can create amusement if it uttered in a comedy program.
c. E.g. Sule (a Sundanese): Ora opo-opo. Iki cocotku pengin ngising.
The utterance may be funny because the verbal abuse used by someone who do not know Javanese language in a comedy situation. Sule utters such verbal abuse is to create amusement.
The Javanese people may be also utter Javanese verbal abuse to provoke or to express bad meaning if the hearer is the speaker’s enemy or someone who are stranger.
d. E.g. Gatot: Celeng! Nek arep menggok ki riting ndisek Mas. Meh ae mati tak tabrak koe dab!
Akhid: Asem, karepmu opo Dab?! Single ae po piye?!
The cruel conversation, the usage of verbal abuse celeng (pig) is to provoke and showing anger. Murphy calls it as negative fuck.
Speaker who speaks cruel words in unsuitable moment means that the verbal abuse really wants to abuse the hearer.
e. E.g. Gatot: Celeng kabeh! Seharusnya kalian sudah bisa mengatasi maslah ini!
Imployer: (silent)
If Gatot in the conversation is a leader of a company while speaking in a formal meeting the word celeng (pig) actually means as Gatot’s unhappiness. The utterances express anger. If the conversation in example b. or c. happens in such serious condition or time, the meaning will be also bad.
Perlocution of Javanese Verbal Abuse
When Javanese verbal abuse has been uttered to someone, hearer will show some different reactions. The reaction is called as perlocution. Perlocution is the result from specific utterance in locution act (Cummings, 2007:10).
The reactions show the relationship between the communicator. In the example (b), the reaction from Sidik shows that he does not angry. It means that there is no any limitation between Akbar and Sidik. Sidik has already done a perlocution act.
Different with example (b), in example (d), Akhid as the hearer of Gatot shows anger situation. Akhid does not like Gatot’s utterance. It means that relationship between the two men is bad. Both of the men may be stranger and do not recognize each another.
In the example (e), Gatot shows anger. Reaction from the employers is just salient. The employers feel afraid with Gatot’s statement. It shows that the relationship between Gatot and his employers are bad. But, it also describes that the employers are submissive with Gatot.
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